Classical ground states, spin-wave and PCUT analysis of $\rm H_2SQ$ system

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the phase diagram and low energy excitations of the $ m H_2SQ$ system, revealing how various interactions influence deconfinement, order, and quantum fluctuations through analytical, meanfield, spin-wave, and PCUT methods.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analytical study of the $ m H_2SQ$ system, including phase diagram mapping, spin-wave analysis, and PCUT calculations, highlighting the effects of dipole interactions and quantum fluctuations.

Findings

Dipole-dipole interaction induces ferroelectric order.

Quantum fluctuations do not lift classical degeneracy at quadratic level.

Phase boundary between confined and deconfined phases is mapped in the $K-J_1$ plane.

Abstract

We study an organic Hydrogen bonded material $\rm{H_2SQ}$ analytically and map out the phase diagram as well as low energy excitations in the relevant parameter space. At zeroth order the dynamics is governed by plaquette interaction (product of $\sigma_z$ over a plaquette) which defines a $Z_2$ gauge theory and a deconfinement phase satisfying "ice rules". The system is studied under additional interactions such as an external Zeeman field (with strength $K$) in $x$-direction, a inter-molecular interaction (with strength $J_1$) and a dipole-dipole interaction with strength $J_2$ such that $K>J_1>J_2$. The effect of dipole-dipole interaction removes the local $Z_2$ symmetry and gives rise to four global degenerate states with Ferroeletric order. Using meanfield analysis we chart out the phase diagram for classical version of the model and find $K_c$ which defines the transition from disordered phase to ordered phase in $J_1, K$ plane for various values of $J_2$. We find that presence of $J_1$ and $J_2$ tends to stabilize the deconfined phases. Over the classical ground states we perform spin-wave analysis and surprisingly find that quantum fluctuations does not remove the classical degeneracy at all at quadratic level. The spin-wave spectrum is found for the four global degenerate ground states which shows both gapped spectrum and gapless spectrum (near the vicinity of CDT transition) for $J_2=0$. However for $J_2$ finite, the spectrum is always gapped. We perform PCUT analysis to improve the results of spin-wave analysis and calculate ground state energy and one particle dispersion and gap at high symmetry point. Using this we draw the phase boundary between confined and deconfined phase in the $K-J_1$ plane. The effect of $J_2$ is also discussed in the resulting phase boundary.