Rigorous decoupling between edge states in frustrated spin chains and ladders

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in one-dimensional frustrated quantum magnets, incommensurate correlations cause oscillations in edge state couplings, leading to exact zero modes at specific points, regardless of frustration origin or spin value.

Contribution

It establishes a rigorous connection between incommensurate correlations and zero-energy edge modes across various frustrated spin chains and ladders.

Findings

Incommensurate correlations induce oscillations in edge state couplings.

Exact zero modes occur at coupling sign crossings, independent of frustration source.

The phenomenon applies to different spin magnitudes and edge spins.

Abstract

We investigate the occurrence of exact zero modes in one-dimensional quantum magnets of finite length that possess edge states. Building on conclusions first reached in the context of the spin-1/2 XY chain in a field, then for the spin-1 $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model, we show that the development of incommensurate correlations in the bulk invariably leads to oscillations in the sign of the coupling between edge states, hence to exact zero energy modes at the crossing points where the coupling between the edge states rigorously vanishes. This is true regardless of the origin of the frustration (e.g. next-nearest neighbor coupling or biquadratic coupling for the spin-1 chain), of the value of the bulk spin (we report on spin-1/2, spin-1 and spin-2 examples), and of the value of the edge-state emergent spin (spin-1/2 or spin-1).