On the need for soft dressing

TL;DR

This paper compares inclusive and dressed formalisms in QED and quantum gravity, showing that dressed states correctly capture interference effects in superpositions, unlike inclusive approaches which suppress interference.

Contribution

It demonstrates that dressed asymptotic states are necessary for accurately describing interference in superpositions, highlighting the importance of Faddeev-Kulish states over Fock states.

Findings

Inclusive formalism suppresses interference in superpositions.

Dressed formalism captures expected interference effects.

Using dressed states aligns with gauge symmetry considerations.

Abstract

In order to deal with IR divergences arising in QED or perturbative quantum gravity scattering processes, one can either calculate inclusive quantities or use dressed asymptotic states. We consider incoming superpositions of momentum eigenstates and show that in calculations of cross-sections these two approaches yield different answers: in the inclusive formalism no interference occurs for incoming finite superpositions and wavepackets do not scatter at all, while the dressed formalism yields the expected interference terms. This suggests that rather than Fock space states, one should use Faddeev-Kulish-type dressed states to correctly describe physical processes involving incoming superpositions. We interpret this in terms of selection rules due to large U(1) gauge symmetries and BMS supertranslations.