Topological design of graphene

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent experimental, computational, and theoretical advances in the topological design of graphene, focusing on how defects influence its properties and potential applications in various engineering fields.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in understanding and applying topological defects in graphene for property optimization and functional applications.

Findings

Topological defects significantly affect graphene's mechanical and physical properties.

Designing defect distributions can tailor graphene's 3D conformations and enhance toughness.

Applications include energy materials, multifunctional systems, and biological interactions.

Abstract

Topological defects (e.g. pentagons, heptagons and pentagon-heptagon pairs) have been widely observed in large scale graphene and have been recognized to play important roles in tailoring the mechanical and physical properties of two-dimensional materials in general. Thanks to intensive studies over the past few years, optimizing properties of graphene through topological design has become a new and promising direction of research. In this chapter, we review some of the recent advances in experimental, computational and theoretical studies on the effects of topological defects on mechanical and physical properties of graphene and applications of topologically designed graphene. The discussions cover out-of-plane effects, inverse problems of designing distributions of topological defects that make a graphene sheet conform to a targeted three-dimensional surface, grain boundary engineering for graphene strength, curved graphene for toughness enhancement and applications in engineering energy materials, multifunctional materials and interactions with biological systems. Despite the rapid developments in experiments and simulations, our understanding on the relations between topological defects and mechanical and physical properties of graphene and other 2D materials is still in its infancy. The intention here is to draw the attention of the research community to some of the open questions in this field.