Simplified Weak Galerkin and New Finite Difference Schemes for the Stokes Equation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simplified weak Galerkin finite element method for the Stokes equation that preserves mass conservation, allows polygonal partitions, and leads to new finite difference schemes with proven optimal error estimates and superconvergence properties.

Contribution

It simplifies the weak Galerkin formulation for the Stokes equation, enabling general polygonal meshes and deriving new finite difference schemes with enhanced convergence features.

Findings

Preserves local mass conservation on each element.

Establishes optimal error estimates in H^1 and L^2 norms.

Demonstrates superconvergence at cell centers for velocity and pressure.

Abstract

This article presents a simplified formulation for the weak Galerkin finite element method for the Stokes equation without using the degrees of freedom associated with the unknowns in the interior of each element as formulated in the original weak Galerkin algorithm. The simplified formulation preserves the important mass conservation property locally on each element and allows the use of general polygonal partitions. A particular application of the simplified weak Galerkin on rectangular partitions yields a new class of 5- and 7-point finite difference schemes for the Stokes equation. An explicit formula is presented for the computation of the element stiffness matrices on arbitrary polygonal elements. Error estimates of optimal order are established for the simplified weak Galerkin finite element method in the H^1 and L^2 norms. Furthermore, a superconvergence of order O(h^{1.5}) is established on rectangular partitions for the velocity approximation in the H^1 norm at cell centers, and a similar superconvergence is derived for the pressure approximation in the L^2 norm at cell centers. Some numerical results are reported to confirm the convergence and superconvergence theory.