Dynamical quantum phase transition for mixed states in open systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized Loschmidt overlap amplitude (GLOA) for open quantum systems, enabling the detection of dynamical quantum phase transitions even under dissipation and finite temperature conditions.

Contribution

It defines a new geometric phase-based GLOA for open systems, extending the concept of Loschmidt overlap amplitude to mixed states and non-unitary evolution.

Findings

GLOA exhibits non-analyticity at critical times indicating phase transitions.

Dynamical quantum phase transitions persist under finite temperature and weak dissipation.

A new type of phase transition emerges in dissipative quantum systems.

Abstract

Based on a kinematic approach in defining a geometric phase for a density matrix, we define the generalized Loschmidt overlap amplitude (GLOA) for an open system for arbitrary quantum evolution. The GLOA reduces to the Loschmidt overlap amplitude (LOA) with a modified dynamic phase for unitary evolution of a pure state, with the argument of the GLOA well-defined by the geometric phase, thus possessing similar physical interpretation to that of the LOA. The rate function for the GLOA exhibits non-analyticity at a critical time, which corresponds to the dynamical quantum phase transition. We observe that the dynamical quantum phase transition related to GLOA is not destroyed under a finite temperature and weak enough dissipation. In particular, we find that a new type of dynamical quantum phase transition emerges in a dissipation system. The proposed GLOA provides a powerful tool in the investigation of a dynamical quantum phase transition in an arbitrary quantum system, which not only can characterize the robustness of the dynamical quantum phase transition but also can be used to search for new transitions.