Robust High-Dynamic-Range Vector Magnetometry via Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

TL;DR

This paper introduces a robust vector magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond that uses a closed-loop frequency-locking scheme, significantly improving dynamic range and robustness over open-loop methods.

Contribution

It presents a novel closed-loop frequency-locking technique for NV center magnetometry that enhances robustness and dynamic range for vector magnetic field measurements.

Findings

Three-order-of-magnitude increase in dynamic range

Robustness against temperature and linewidth fluctuations

Simultaneous multi-transition frequency interrogation

Abstract

We demonstrate a robust, scale-factor-free vector magnetometer, which uses a closed-loop frequency-locking scheme to simultaneously track Zeeman-split resonance pairs of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Compared with open-loop methodologies, this technique is robust against fluctuations in temperature, resonance linewidth, and contrast; offers a three-order-of-magnitude increase in dynamic range; and allows for simultaneous interrogation of multiple transition frequencies. By directly detecting the resonance frequencies of NV centers aligned along each of the diamond's four tetrahedral crystallographic axes, we perform full vector reconstruction of an applied magnetic field.