# Thermodynamics and dynamics of two-dimensional systems with dipole-like repulsive interactions

## TL;DR

This study systematically investigates the thermodynamics and dynamics of a two-dimensional dipole-like repulsive system using molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical models, revealing universal properties and deriving key physical quantities.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive analysis of 2D dipole-like systems, deriving thermodynamic properties and collective mode behaviors with validated theoretical approximations.

## Key findings

- Universal properties shared with other soft-interacting systems
- Explicit analytic dispersion relations for wave modes
- Sound velocities in dipole fluids and solids

## Abstract

Thermodynamics and dynamics of a classical two-dimensional system with dipole-like isotropic repulsive interactions are studied systematically using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations supplemented by appropriate theoretical approximations. This interaction potential, which decays as an inverse cube of the interparticle distance, belongs to the class of very soft long-ranged interactions. As a result, the investigated system exhibits certain universal properties that are also shared by other related soft-interacting particle systems (like, for instance, the one-component plasma and weakly screened Coulomb systems). These universalities are explored in this article to construct a simple and reliable description of the system thermodynamics. In particular, Helmholtz free energies of the fluid and solid phases are derived, from which the location of the fluid-solid coexistence is determined. The quasi-crystalline approximation is applied to the description of collective modes in dipole fluids. Its simplification, previously validated on strongly coupled plasma fluids, is used to derive explicit analytic dispersion relations for the longitudinal and transverse wave modes, which compare satisfactory with those obtained from direct MD simulations in the long-wavelength regime. Sound velocities of the dipole fluids and solids are derived and analyzed.