Gravitational birefringence and an exotic formula for redshift

TL;DR

This paper investigates how light's polarization is affected by gravity in expanding universes and introduces a novel redshift formula based on photon structure, tested against supernova data.

Contribution

It proposes an exotic redshift formula derived from the internal structure of spinning photons and tests it using supernova observations.

Findings

Birefringence of light in curved spacetime is computed.

The new redshift formula is tested with supernova data.

Results suggest potential deviations from standard cosmological models.

Abstract

We compute the birefringence of light in curved Robertson-Walker spacetimes and propose an exotic formula for redshift based on the internal structure of the spinning photon. We then use the Hubble diagram of supernovae to test this formula.