Classifying surface probe images in strongly correlated electronic systems via machine learning

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that machine learning, specifically neural networks, can accurately classify surface probe images from different models of strongly correlated electronic systems, revealing universal behaviors and underlying physical models.

Contribution

It is the first to use machine learning to identify the physical model behind pattern formation in correlated electronic systems from surface probe images.

Findings

Achieved 97% accuracy in classifying images from three models with Ising symmetry.

Showed machine learning captures universal behavior in physical systems.

Demonstrated the potential of ML to determine underlying physical models from experimental data.

Abstract

Scanning probe experiments such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on strongly correlated electronic systems often reveal complex pattern formation on multiple length scales. By studying the universal scaling in these images, we have shown in several distinct correlated electronic systems that the pattern formation is driven by proximity to a disorder-driven critical point, revealing a unification of the pattern formation in these materials. As an alternative approach to this image classification problem of novel materials, here we report the first investigation of the machine learning method to determine which underlying physical model is driving pattern formation in a system. Using a neural network architecture, we are able to achieve 97% accuracy on classifying configuration images from three models with Ising symmetry. This investigation also demonstrates that machine learning can capture the implicit universal behavior of a physical system. This broadens our understanding of what machine learning can do, and we expect more synergy between machine learning and condensed matter physics in the future.