Cohomologies of coherent sheaves and massless spectra in F-theory

TL;DR

This thesis explores the role of Chow groups in zero mode counting and anomaly cancellation in F-theory, developing new algorithms to compute sheaf cohomologies of line bundles on toric varieties, with implications for GUT models.

Contribution

It introduces algorithms for sheaf cohomology computation of all coherent sheaves on toric varieties, extending existing methods and providing new insights into anomaly cancellation in F-theory.

Findings

Developed algorithms for sheaf cohomology of coherent sheaves on toric varieties.

Proved relations between matter surface fluxes and anomaly cancellation in Chow ring.

Conjectured extension of anomaly cancellation conditions to Chow ring relations.

Abstract

In this PhD thesis we investigate the significance of Chow groups for zero mode counting and anomaly cancellation in F-theory vacua. The major part of this thesis focuses on zero mode counting. We explain that elements of Chow group describe a subset of gauge backgrounds and give rise to a line bundle on each matter curve. The sheaf cohomologies of these line bundles are found to encode the chiral and anti-chiral localised zero modes in this compactification. Therefore, it is of prime interest to compute these sheaf cohomologies. Unfortunately, the line bundles in question are in general non-pullback line bundles. In particular, this is the case for the hypercharge flux employed in F-theory models of grand unified theories (GUTs). Consequently, existing methods, such as the cohomCalg-algorithm, cannot be applied. In collaboration with the mathematician Mohamed Barakat, we have therefore implemented algorithms which determine the sheaf cohomologies of all coherent sheaves on toric varieties. These algorithms are provided by the gap-package SheafCohomologiesOnToricVarieties which extends the homalg-project of Mohamed Barakat. We exemplify these algorithms in explicit (toy-)models of F-theory GUTs. As a spin-off of this analysis, we proved that in an entire class of F-theory vacua, the matter surface fluxes satisfy a number of relations in the Chow ring, which we related to anomaly cancellation. Based on this evidence we conjecture that the well-known anomaly cancellation conditions in F-theory - typically phrased as intersections in the cohomology ring - can be extended even to relations in the Chow ring.