# Towards end-to-end spoken language understanding

## TL;DR

This paper explores an end-to-end approach for spoken language understanding that directly infers semantic meaning from audio features, bypassing traditional intermediate transcription steps, and demonstrates promising results.

## Contribution

It introduces a unified end-to-end model for spoken language understanding that captures semantics directly from audio, improving integration and potentially reducing error propagation.

## Key findings

- Achieved reasonable accuracy in semantic inference from audio
- Model captures semantic attention directly from audio features
- Demonstrated feasibility of end-to-end spoken language understanding

## Abstract

Spoken language understanding system is traditionally designed as a pipeline of a number of components. First, the audio signal is processed by an automatic speech recognizer for transcription or n-best hypotheses. With the recognition results, a natural language understanding system classifies the text to structured data as domain, intent and slots for down-streaming consumers, such as dialog system, hands-free applications. These components are usually developed and optimized independently. In this paper, we present our study on an end-to-end learning system for spoken language understanding. With this unified approach, we can infer the semantic meaning directly from audio features without the intermediate text representation. This study showed that the trained model can achieve reasonable good result and demonstrated that the model can capture the semantic attention directly from the audio features.