Colour Confinement: a Dynamical Phenomenon of QCD

TL;DR

This paper investigates the origin of color confinement in QCD by analyzing the structure of the color charge operator and its relation to the dynamical properties of gluons, highlighting the role of gluon mass generation.

Contribution

It derives the color charge operator in QCD, compares it with QED, and links confinement to the dynamical mass generation of gluons, providing a new theoretical insight.

Findings

Color charge operator in QCD is derived and compared with QED.

Differences in gauge boson propagator behavior at zero momentum explain confinement.

Color confinement is connected to the dynamical mass generation of gluons.

Abstract

We study in this Letter the origin of the confinement in QCD by analyzing the colour charge of physics states. We derive the colour charge operator in QCD and compare it with the electromagnetic charge operator in QED. It shows that the two charges have very similar structure, but the dynamical properties of the gauge fields are different. The difference between the behaviours of the gauge boson propagator at zero momentum for QCD and that for QED guarantees that there occurs colour confinement in QCD but there is no confinement in QED. We give then a universal relation between the confinement and the dynamical property of QCD and reveals the origin of the colour confinement, which can be demonstrated as the dynamical effect of QCD or more explicitly the dynamical mass generation of the gluon.