A novel incentive-based demand response model for Cournot competition in electricity markets

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new incentive-based demand response model in electricity markets with Cournot competition, showing how demand response affects consumption, profits, and consumer surplus during peak and off-peak times.

Contribution

It develops a novel demand response model incorporating sigmoid and linear functions for consumer preferences and analyzes its impact on market equilibrium and generator profits.

Findings

Demand response reduces peak energy consumption.

It shifts power demand to off-peak periods.

Consumer surplus increases due to incentives.

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of competition between generators when incentive-based demand response is employed in an electricity market. Thermal and hydropower generation are considered in the model. A smooth inverse demand function is designed using a sigmoid and two linear functions for modeling the consumer preferences under incentive-based demand response program. Generators compete to sell energy bilaterally to consumers and system operator provides transmission and arbitrage services. The profit of each agent is posed as an optimization problem, then the competition result is found by solving simultaneously Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for all generators. A Nash-Cournot equilibrium is found when the system operates normally and at peak demand times when DR is required. Under this model, results show that DR diminishes the energy consumption at peak periods, shifts the power requirement to off-peak times and improves the net consumer surplus due to incentives received for participating in DR program. However, the generators decrease their profit due to the reduction of traded energy and market prices.