Unified Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Dynamical Space Time

TL;DR

This paper proposes a unified model for dark energy and dark matter using a dynamical space-time vector field, leading to solutions including non-singular bounces and potential explanations for cosmic coincidence.

Contribution

It introduces a Lagrangian formulation with a dynamical space-time vector field that unifies dark matter and dark energy, extending previous scalar field models and allowing for new bouncing solutions.

Findings

Includes non-singular bouncing solutions approaching ΛCDM

Dynamical time vector coincides with cosmic time in ΛCDM

Potential interaction between dark energy and dark matter via exponential potential

Abstract

A unification of dark matter and dark energy based on a dynamical space time theory is suggested. By introducing a dynamical space time vector field $\chi_\mu$ as a Lagrange multiplier, a conservation of an energy momentum tensor $T^{\mu\nu}_{(\chi)}$ is implemented. This Lagrangian generalizes the "Unified dark energy and dark matter from a scalar field different from quintessence" [Phys.RevD 81, 043520 (2010)] which did not consider a Lagrangian formulation. This generalization allows the solutions which were found previously, but in addition to that also non singular bouncing solutions that rapidly approach to the $\Lambda$CDM model. The dynamical time vector field exactly coincides with the cosmic time for the a $\Lambda$CDM solution and suffers a slight shift (advances slower) with respect to the cosmic time in the region close to the bounce for the bouncing non singular solutions. In addition we introduced some exponential potential which could enter into the $T^{\mu\nu}_{(\chi)}$ stress energy tensor or coupled directly to the measure $\sqrt{-g}$, gives a possible interaction between DE and DM and could explain the coincidence problem.