Effects of CO2 flushing on crystal textures and compositions: experimental evidence from recent K trachybasalts erupted at Mt. Etna

TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates how CO2 flushing influences crystal textures and compositions in basaltic magmas, revealing its significant impact on magma dynamics and ascent, especially relevant to Mt. Etna's volcanic activity.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental evidence of CO2 flushing effects on crystal textures and phase equilibria in basaltic magmas, advancing understanding of magma dynamics.

Findings

CO2 flushing alters crystal textures and phase equilibria.

Fluid composition impacts magma rheology and ascent.

Results help interpret volcanic mineral records.

Abstract

Changes in magmatic assemblages and crystal stability as a response of CO2 flushing in basaltic systems have been never directly addressed experimentally, making the role of CO2 in magma dynamics still controversial and object of scientific debate. We conducted a series of experiments to understand the response of magmas from Etna volcano to CO2 flushing. We performed a first experiment at 300 MPa to synthesize a starting material composed of crystals of some hundreds of m and melt pools. This material is representative of an initial magmatic assemblage composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and a water undersaturated melt. In a second step, the initial assemblage was equilibrated at 300 and 100 MPa with fluids having different XCO2fl . Our experiments demonstrate that flushing basaltic systems with fluids may drastically affect crystal textures and phase equilibria depending on the amount of H2O and CO2 in the fluid phase. Since texture and crystal proportions are among the most important parameters governing the rheology of magmas, fluid flushing will also influence magma ascent to the Earths surface. The experimental results open new perspectives to decipher the textural and compositional record of minerals observed in volcanic rocks from Mt. Etna, and at the same time offer the basis for interpreting the information preserved in minerals from other basaltic volcanoes erupting magmas enriched in CO2.