Maximum PBH Mass and Primordiality

TL;DR

This paper suggests that primordial black holes could be the origin of all supermassive black holes, constrained by cosmic microwave background observations that limit PBH mass to below 10^{12} solar masses.

Contribution

It proposes a novel hypothesis linking primordial black holes to supermassive black holes, based on observational constraints from the CMB.

Findings

PBH mass must be less than 10^{12} M_sun to avoid CMB distortions

Supermassive black holes may originate as primordial black holes

PBHs could explain the mass range of observed supermassive black holes

Abstract

In order to avoid unacceptable $\mu$-distortions inconsistent with observational data on the Cosmic Microwave Background, Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) must be less massive than $10^{12} M_{\odot}$, quite closely above the highest black hole mass yet observed. This comparableness leads us to posit that all supermassive black holes originate as PBHs.