Sources of Variance in Two-Photon Microscopy Neuroimaging

TL;DR

This paper investigates the sources of variability in two-photon calcium imaging of rat brains, developing statistical methods to analyze how stimuli affect brain structure and movement, enhancing neuroimaging data interpretation.

Contribution

The study introduces new statistical approaches to quantify and analyze variance in two-photon neuroimages, addressing a gap in image examination and preparation methods.

Findings

Variance in brain images differs pre- and post-stimulation

Brain movement increases after electrical stimulus

Structural changes in brain images are visually observable

Abstract

Two-photon laser scanning microscopy is widely used in a quickly growing field of neuroscience. It is a fluorescence imaging technique that allows imaging of living tissue up to a very high depth to study inherent brain structure and circuitry. Our project deals with examining images from two-photon calcium imaging, a brain-imaging technique that allows for study of neuronal activity in hundreds of neurons and and. As statisticians, we worked to apply various methods to better understand the sources of variations that are inherent in neuroimages from this imaging technique that are not part of the controlled experiment. Thus, images can be made available for studying the effects of physical stimulation on the working brain. Currently there is no system to examine and prepare such brain images. Thus we worked to develop methods to work towards this end. Our data set had images of a rat's brain in two states. In the first state the rat is sedated and merely observed and in the other it is repeatedly simulated via electric shocks. We first started by controlling for the movement of the brain to more accurately observe the physical characteristics of the brain. We analyzed how the variance of the brain images varied between pre and post stimulus by applying Levene's Test. Furthermore, we were able to measure how much the images were shifted to see the overall change in movement of the brain due to electrical stimulus. Therefore, we were able to visually observe how the brain structure and variance change due to stimulus effects in rat brains.