Resonant production of dark photons in positron beam dump experiments

TL;DR

Positron beam dump experiments can effectively search for narrow, weakly coupled dark photons through resonant production during energy loss, offering a promising method to detect signals like the 17 MeV dark photon related to the Be-8 anomaly.

Contribution

This paper introduces a novel detection technique leveraging positron energy loss to scan for dark photon resonances, enhancing sensitivity over previous methods.

Findings

Resonant production mode is of first order in electromagnetic coupling, increasing detection prospects.

The technique can detect long-lived dark photons exiting the dump.

Sensitivity estimates for the Frascati PADME experiment are provided.

Abstract

Positrons beam dump experiments have unique features to search for very narrow resonances coupled superweakly to $e^+ e^-$ pairs. Due to the continue loss of energy from soft photon bremsstrahlung, in the first few radiation lengths of the dump a positron beam can continuously scan for resonant production of new resonances via $e^+$ annihilation off an atomic $e^-$ in the target. In the case of a dark photon $A'$ kinetically mixed with the photon, this production mode is of first order in the electromagnetic coupling $\alpha$, and thus parametrically enhanced with respect to the $O(\alpha^2)$ $e^+e^- \to \gamma A'$ production mode and to the $O(\alpha^3)$ $A'$ bremsstrahlung in $e^--$nucleon scattering so far considered. If the lifetime is sufficiently long to allow the $A'$ to exit the dump, $A' \to e^+e^-$ decays could be easily detected and distinguished from backgrounds. We explore the foreseeable sensitivity of the Frascati PADME experiment in searching with this technique for the $17\,$MeV dark photon invoked to explain the $^8$Be anomaly in nuclear transitions.