A fallback accretion model for the unusual type II-P supernova iPTF14hls

TL;DR

This paper proposes a fallback accretion model to explain the unusual light curve of supernova iPTF14hls, suggesting intermittent fallback accretion and additional energy injection from a magnetic outburst.

Contribution

It introduces a fallback accretion model with a power-law density profile to explain iPTF14hls's unique light curve features, including multiple peaks and steep decline.

Findings

Light curve fits the t^{-5/3} accretion law until 1000 days

Total fallback mass estimated at ~0.2 solar masses

Extra energy injection likely from magnetic outburst

Abstract

The Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory reported the discovery of an unusual type II-P supernova iPTF14hls. Instead of a ~100-day plateau as observed for ordinary type II-P supernovae, the light curve of iPTF14hls has at least five distinct peaks, followed by a steep decline at ~1000 days since discovery. Until 500 days since discovery, the effective temperature of iPTF14hls is roughly constant at 5000-6000K . In this paper we propose that iPTF14hls is likely powered by intermittent fallback accretion. It is found that the light curve of iPTF14hls can be well fit by the usual t^{-5/3} accretion law until ~1000 days post discovery when the light curve transitions to a steep decline. To account for this steep decline, we suggest a power-law density profile for the late accreted material, rather than the constant profile as appropriated for the t^{-5/3} accretion law. Detailed modeling indicates that the total fallback mass is ~0.2M_{sun}, with an ejecta mass M_{ej}~21M_{sun}. We find the third peak of the light curve cannot be well fit by the fallback model, indicating that there could be some extra rapid energy injection. We suggest that this extra energy injection may be a result of a magnetic outburst if the central object is a neutron star. These results indicate that the progenitor of iPTF14hls could be a massive red supergiant.