Skew braces and the Galois correspondence for Hopf Galois structures

TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between skew braces and Hopf Galois structures, providing a method to measure the failure of the Galois correspondence's surjectivity in Galois extensions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach linking skew braces to the Galois correspondence, enabling quantification of its surjectivity failure in Hopf Galois extensions.

Findings

Established a bijective correspondence between intermediate fields and sub-skew left braces.

Developed a counting method to measure the deviation from surjectivity.

Illustrated the approach with various concrete examples.

Abstract

Let $L/K$ be a Galois extension of fields with Galois group $\Gamma$, and suppose $L/K$ is also an $H$-Hopf Galois extension. Using the recently uncovered connection between Hopf Galois structures and skew left braces, we introduce a method to quantify the failure of surjectivity of the Galois correspondence from subHopf algebras of $H$ to intermediate subfields of $L/K$, given by the Fundamental Theorem of Hopf Galois Theory. Suppose $L \otimes_K H = LN$ where $N \cong (G, \star)$. Then there exists a skew left brace $(G, \star, \circ)$ where $(G, \circ) \cong \Gamma$. We show that there is a bijective correspondence between intermediate fields $E$ between $K$ and $L$ and certain sub-skew left braces of $G$, which we call the $\circ$-stable subgroups of $(G, \star)$. Counting these subgroups and comparing that number with the number of subgroups of $\Gamma \cong (G, \circ)$ describes how far the Galois correspondence for the $H$-Hopf Galois structure is from being surjective. The method is illustrated by a variety of examples.