Anomalous thermalization and transport in disordered interacting Floquet systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates how disorder influences thermalization and transport in periodically driven quantum systems, revealing anomalous behavior and subdiffusive transport linked to a modified eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.

Contribution

It demonstrates that disorder induces anomalous thermalization and subdiffusive transport in Floquet systems, with a modified ETH framework explaining these phenomena.

Findings

Thermalization is anomalous with subdiffusive transport.

Distributions of local operator matrix elements deviate from ETH predictions.

The dynamical exponent relates to the scaling of distribution variance.

Abstract

Local observables in generic periodically driven closed quantum systems are known to relax to values described by periodic infinite temperature ensembles. At the same time, ergodic static systems exhibit anomalous thermalization of local observables and satisfy a modified version of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), when disorder is present. This raises the question, how does the introduction of disorder affect relaxation in periodically driven systems? In this work, we analyze this problem by numerically studying transport and thermalization in an archetypal example. We find that thermalization is anomalous and is accompanied by subdiffusive transport with a disorder dependent dynamical exponent. Distributions of matrix elements of local operators in the eigenbases of a family of effective time-independent Hamiltonians, which describe the stroboscopic dynamics of such systems, show anomalous departures from predictions of ETH signaling that only a modified version of ETH is satisfied. The dynamical exponent is shown to be related to the scaling of the variance of these distributions with system size.