On the detection of coronal dimmings and the extraction of their characteristic properties

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new thresholding-based method to detect and analyze coronal dimmings, revealing their properties and relationship with CMEs and flares, enhancing understanding of early CME evolution.

Contribution

A novel approach using thresholding on logarithmic images to identify coronal dimming regions and their core areas, with application to real events and analysis of magnetic flux and dynamics.

Findings

Core dimming regions are successfully identified.

Dimming expansion correlates with flare and CME onset.

Magnetic flux involved in dimmings is balanced and partly localized.

Abstract

Coronal dimmings are distinct phenomena associated to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The study of coronal dimmings and the extraction of their characteristic parameters helps us to obtain additional information of CMEs, especially on the initiation and early evolution of Earth-directed CMEs. We present a new approach to detect coronal dimming regions based on a thresholding technique applied on logarithmic base-ratio images. Characteristic dimming parameters describing the dynamics, morphology, magnetic properties and the brightness of coronal dimming regions are extracted by cumulatively summing newly dimmed pixels over time. It is also demonstrated how core dimming regions are identified as a subset of the overall identified dimming region. We successfully apply our method to two well-observed coronal dimming events. For both events the core dimming regions are identified and the spatial evolution of the dimming area reveals the expansion of the dimming region around these footpoints. We also show that in the early impulsive phase of the dimming expansion the total unsigned magnetic flux involved in the dimming regions is balanced and that up to 30% of this flux results from the localized core dimming regions. Furthermore, the onset in the profile of the area growth rate is co-temporal with the start of the associated flares and in one case also with the fast rise of the CME, indicating a strong relationship of coronal dimmings with both flare and CMEs.