Molecular Regulation of Histamine Synthesis

TL;DR

This review discusses recent advances in understanding how the expression of the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), responsible for histamine synthesis, is regulated at the molecular level in mammals.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings on the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of HDC gene expression in mammals.

Findings

Identification of key transcription factors involved in HDC regulation

Insights into signaling pathways affecting HDC expression

Potential targets for modulating histamine levels in diseases

Abstract

Histamine is a critical mediator of IgE/ cell-mediated anaphylaxis, a neurotransmitter and a regulator of gastric acid secretion. Histamine is a monoamine synthesized from the amino acid histidine through a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which removes carboxyl group from histidine. Despite the importance of histamine, transcriptional regulation of HDC gene expression in mammals is still poorly understood. In this Review, we focus on discussing advances in the understanding of molecular regulation of mammalian histamine synthesis.