The Heart of an Image: Quantum Superposition and Entanglement in Visual Perception

TL;DR

This paper explores how quantum principles like superposition and entanglement can model complex visual perception phenomena, revealing non-classical correlations in image interpretation through experiments with Google Images.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum cognition framework to analyze visual perception, demonstrating entanglement-like effects in images and proposing a mathematical approach to understanding visual meaning.

Findings

Violations of Bell's inequalities in image perception experiments

Identification of conjunction effects in photographs

Quantum entanglement observed between visual meaning aspects

Abstract

We analyse the way in which the principle that 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts' manifests itself with phenomena of visual perception. For this investigation we use insights and techniques coming from quantum cognition, and more specifically we are inspired by the correspondence of this principle with the phenomenon of the conjunction effect in human cognition. We identify entities of meaning within artefacts of visual perception and rely on how such entities are modelled for corpuses of texts such as the webpages of the World-Wide Web for our study of how they appear in phenomena of visual perception. We identify concretely the conjunction effect in visual artefacts and analyse its structure in the example of a photograph. We also analyse quantum entanglement between different aspects of meaning in artefacts of visual perception. We confirm its presence by showing that well elected experiments on images retrieved accordingly by Google Images give rise to probabilities and expectation values violating the Clauser Horne Shimony Holt version of Bell's inequalities. We point out how this approach can lead to a mathematical description of the meaning content of a visual artefact such as a photograph.