Atlas for the properties of elemental 2D metals

TL;DR

This study systematically investigates the properties of atomically thin 2D metal films across 45 elements, revealing correlations with 3D bulk properties and stability insights for different lattice structures.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive density-functional analysis of 2D metals, establishing correlations with bulk properties and assessing stability across lattice types.

Findings

Cohesive energies and elastic constants correlate with 3D properties.

Most 2D metals are stable in hexagonal and honeycomb structures.

Many 2D metals are stable against bending.

Abstract

Common two-dimensional (2D) materials have a layered 3D structure with covalently bonded, atomically thin layers held together by weak van der Waals forces. However, in a recent transmission electron microscopy experiment, atomically thin 2D patches of iron were discovered inside a graphene nanopore. Motivated by this discovery, we perform a systematic density-functional study on atomically thin elemental 2D metal films, using 45 metals in three lattice structures. Cohesive energies, equilibrium distances, and bulk moduli in 2D are found to be linearly correlated to the corresponding 3D bulk properties, enabling the quick estimation of these values for a given 2D metal and lattice structure. In-plane elastic constants show that most 2D metals are stable in hexagonal and honeycomb, but unstable in square 2D structures. Many 2D metals are surprisingly stable against bending.