High redshift constraints on dark energy models from the $E_{\rm p,i}$ -- $E_{\rm iso}$ correlation in GRBs

TL;DR

This paper tests various dark energy models using high-redshift data, including supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, Hubble parameter measurements, and BAO, employing MCMC analysis to determine their viability and constraints.

Contribution

It compares multiple dark energy models beyond the cosmological constant using diverse high-redshift observations and introduces the potential of GRBs for constraining cosmic acceleration.

Findings

EDE and quintessence models are slightly favored by current data.

GRBs alone can identify the transition from deceleration to acceleration.

The analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of high-redshift data in constraining dark energy models.

Abstract

Here we test different models of dark energy beyond the standard cosmological constant scenario. We start considering the CPL parameterization of the equation of state (EOS), then we consider a dark energy scalar field (Quintessense). Finally we consider models with dark energy at early times (EDE). Our analysis is based on the Union2 type Ia supernovae data set, a Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) Hubble diagram, a set of 28 independent measurements of the Hubble parameter, some baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements. We performed a statistical analysis and explore the probability distributions of the cosmological parameters for each of the competing models. To build up their own regions of confidence, we maximize some appropriate likelihood functions using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Our analysis indicates that the EDE and the scalar field quintessence are slightly favored by the present data. Moreover, the GRBs Hubble diagram alone is able to set the transition region from the decelerated to the accelerated expansion of the Universe in all the tested models. Perspectives for improvements in the field with the THESEUS mission are also described.