Association schemes perspective of microbubble cluster in ultrasonic fields

TL;DR

This paper applies association schemes to analyze the synchronization and stability of microbubble clusters in ultrasonic fields, providing an analytical framework for understanding their nonlinear dynamics and the influence of physical parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a novel association schemes approach to model microbubble interactions and derives analytical stability conditions for their synchronized pulsations.

Findings

Stability region of microbubble pulsations is analytically determined.

Distances between microbubbles significantly affect synchronization stability.

Dynamics of N microbubbles reduce to a single microbubble under certain conditions.

Abstract

Dynamics of a cluster of chaotic oscillators on a network are studied using coupled maps. By introducing the association schemes, we obtain coupling strength in the adjacency matrices form, which satisfies Markov matrices property. We remark that in general, the stability region of the cluster of oscillators at the synchronization state is characterized by Lyapunov exponent which can be defined based on the N-coupled map. As a detailed physical example, dynamics of microbubble cluster in an ultrasonic field are studied using coupled maps. Microbubble cluster dynamics have an indicative highly active nonlinear phenomenon, were not easy to be explained. In this paper, a cluster of microbubbles with a thin elastic shell based on the modified Keller-Herring equation in an ultrasonic field is demonstrated in the framework of the globally coupled map. On the other hand, a relation between the microbubble elements is replaced by a relation between the vertices. Based on this method, the stability region of microbubbles pulsations at complete synchronization state has been obtained analytically. In this way, distances between microbubbles as coupling strength play the crucial role. In the stability region, we thus observe that the problem of the study of dynamics of N-microbubble oscillators reduce to that of a single microbubble. Therefore, the important parameters of the isolated microbubble such as applied pressure, driving frequency and the initial radius have effective behavior on the synchronization state.