Simple description of generalized electromagnetic and gravitational hopfions
Tomasz Smo{\l}ka, Jacek Jezierski

TL;DR
This paper generalizes electromagnetic and gravitational hopfions using a complex scalar field, introduces a new topological charge for linearized gravity, and compares energy densities of gravitational hopfions.
Contribution
It provides a novel scalar field framework for generalized hopfions and a new topological charge in linearized gravity, advancing topological understanding in field theories.
Findings
Generalized electromagnetic and gravitational hopfions formulated.
New topological charge for linearized gravity defined.
Comparison of quasi-local energy densities for gravitational hopfions.
Abstract
The generalization of electromagnetic and gravitational hopfions is performed in terms of a complex scalar field. New definition of topological charge for linearized gravity is given. Quasi-local (super-)energy densities are compared for gravitational hopfion.
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