The negative effects of citing with a national orientation in terms of recognition: national and international citations in natural-sciences papers from Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK

TL;DR

This study examines how citing domestic versus international research influences the recognition of natural sciences papers from Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK, revealing that over-citing domestic work may reduce international impact.

Contribution

It provides empirical evidence on the relationship between citation patterns and research recognition across three European countries over a decade.

Findings

Domestic citation correlates with lower citation impact for Germany and the Netherlands.

Over-citing domestic research may hinder international recognition.

UK shows no significant difference in citation patterns related to domestic or international sources.

Abstract

Nations can be distinguished in terms of whether domestic or international research is cited. We analyzed the research output in natural sciences of three leading European research economies (Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK) and ask where their researchers look for the knowledge that underpins their most highly-cited papers. Is one internationally oriented or is citation limited to national resources? Do the citation patterns reflect a growing differentiation between the domestic and international research enterprise? To evaluate change over time, we include natural-sciences papers published in the countries from three publication years: 2004, 2009, and 2014. The results show that articles co-authored by researchers from Germany or the Netherlands are less likely to be among the globally most highly-cited articles if they also cite "domestic" research (i.e. research authored by authors from the same country). To put this another way, less well-cited research is more likely to stand on domestic shoulders and research that becomes more highly-cited is more likely to stand on international shoulders. A possible reason for the results is that researchers "over-cite" the papers from their own country - lacking the focus on quality in citing. However, these differences between domestic and international shoulders are not visible for the UK.