ProFound: Source Extraction and Application to Modern Survey Data

TL;DR

ProFound is an innovative source detection and analysis software that improves photometry accuracy by using dilated segmentation maps and advanced de-blending, facilitating large-scale galaxy profiling in survey data.

Contribution

ProFound introduces a novel photometry method based on dilated segmentation maps and flux saddle de-blending, enhancing source detection and measurement in noisy images.

Findings

Effective in detecting sources in noisy images

Provides accurate flux, size, and ellipticity measurements

Generates segmentation maps that follow complex source geometries

Abstract

We introduce ProFound, a source finding and image analysis package. ProFound provides methods to detect sources in noisy images, generate segmentation maps identifying the pixels belonging to each source, and measure statistics like flux, size and ellipticity. These inputs are key requirements of ProFit, our recently released galaxy profiling package, where the design aim is that these two software packages will be used in unison to semi-automatically profile large samples of galaxies. The key novel feature introduced in ProFound is that all photometry is executed on dilated segmentation maps that fully contain the identifiable flux, rather than using more traditional circular or ellipse based photometry. Also, to be less sensitive to pathological segmentation issues, the de-blending is made across saddle points in flux. We apply ProFound in a number of simulated and real world cases, and demonstrate that it behaves reasonably given its stated design goals. In particular, it offers good initial parameter estimation for ProFit, and also segmentation maps that follow the sometimes complex geometry of resolved sources, whilst capturing nearly all of the flux. A number of bulge-disc decomposition projects are already making use of the ProFound and ProFit pipeline, and adoption is being encouraged by publicly releasing the software for the open source R data analysis platform under an LGPL-3 license on GitHub (github.com/asgr/ProFound).