Realizing Uncertainty-Aware Timing Stack in Embedded Operating System

TL;DR

This paper introduces an uncertainty-aware timing system for embedded OS, using a new clock model and Kalman filter synchronization to improve time management in IoT and cyber-physical applications.

Contribution

It proposes a novel clock model and synchronization protocol that adapt to timing uncertainties, enhancing time awareness in embedded operating systems.

Findings

Implemented on embedded Linux platform

Improved synchronization accuracy under uncertainty

Demonstrated effectiveness in IoT applications

Abstract

Time awareness is critical to a broad range of emerging applications -- in Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things -- running on commodity platforms and operating systems. Traditionally, time is synchronized across devices through a best-effort background service whose performance is neither observable nor controllable, thus consuming system resources independently of application needs while not allowing the applications and OS services to adapt to changes in uncertainty in system time. We advocate for rethinking how time is managed in a system stack. In this paper, we propose a new clock model that characterizes various sources of timing uncertainties in true time. We then present a Kalman filter based time synchronization protocol that adapts to the uncertainties exposed by the clock model. Our realization of a uncertainty-aware clock model and synchronization protocol is based on a standard embedded Linux platform.