Simulations of relativistic-quantum plasmas using real-time lattice scalar QED

TL;DR

This paper develops a real-time lattice scalar QED simulation method to study relativistic-quantum plasma phenomena, demonstrating its effectiveness through wave propagation and laser-plasma interaction examples.

Contribution

It introduces a geometric, gauge-invariant lattice discretization of scalar QED and a classical-statistics simulation scheme for long-time, reliable plasma dynamics modeling.

Findings

Successfully reproduces analytic wave dispersion relations.

Demonstrates transition from wakefield acceleration to pair production.

Scheme is explicit, conserves local laws, and is parallelizable.

Abstract

Real-time lattice quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a unique tool for simulating plasmas in the strong-field regime, where collective plasma scales are not well-separated from relativistic-quantum scales. As a toy model, we study scalar QED, which describes self-consistent interactions between charged bosons and electromagnetic fields. To solve this model on a computer, we first discretize the scalar-QED action on a lattice, in a way that respects geometric structures of exterior calculus and U(1)-gauge symmetry. The lattice scalar QED can then be solved, in the classical-statistics regime, by advancing an ensemble of statistically equivalent initial conditions in time, using classical field equations obtained by extremizing the discrete action. To demonstrate the capability of our numerical scheme, we apply it to two example problems. The first example is the propagation of linear waves, where we recover analytic wave dispersion relations using numerical spectrum. The second example is an intense laser interacting with a 1D plasma slab, where we demonstrate natural transition from wakefield acceleration to pair production when the wave amplitude exceeds the Schwinger threshold. Our real-time lattice scheme is fully explicit and respects local conservation laws, making it reliable for long-time dynamics. The algorithm is readily parallelized using domain decomposition, and the ensemble may be computed using quantum parallelism in the future.