Flow-based nodal cost allocation in a heterogeneous highly renewable European electricity network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a flow-based cost allocation method for a highly renewable European electricity network, enabling detailed analysis of country-specific costs considering cross-border electricity flows and infrastructure.

Contribution

It presents a novel flow-based nodal cost allocation technique that accounts for external generation and transmission costs in a heterogeneous renewable system.

Findings

Cooperation reduces overall system costs.

Flow-based costs vary significantly across countries.

Cost allocation improves understanding of individual country contributions.

Abstract

For a cost efficient design of a future renewable European electricity system, the placement of renewable generation capacity will seek to exploit locations with good resource quality, that is for instance onshore wind in countries bordering the North Sea and solar PV in South European countries. Regions with less favorable renewable generation conditions benefit from this remote capacity by importing the respective electricity as power flows through the transmission grid. The resulting intricate pattern of imports and exports represents a challenge for the analysis of system costs on the level of individual countries. Using a tracing technique, we introduce flow-based nodal levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) which allow to incorporate capital and operational costs associated with the usage of generation capacity located outside the respective country under consideration. This concept and a complementary allocation of transmission infrastructure costs is applied to a simplified model of an interconnected highly renewable European electricity system. We observe that cooperation between the European countries in a heterogeneous system layout does not only reduce the system-wide LCOE, but also the flow-based nodal LCOEs for every country individually.