Emergence of a Dark Force in Corpuscular Gravity

TL;DR

This paper models gravity as an emergent phenomenon from a Bose-Einstein condensate of gravitons, explaining dark energy, dark matter effects, and galactic acceleration within a unified quantum framework.

Contribution

It introduces a novel corpuscular model of gravity where dark energy and dark matter effects emerge from a graviton condensate, unifying these phenomena in a quantum gravitational setting.

Findings

Dark energy modeled as a graviton condensate influences local gravity.

Dark matter effects at galactic scales are explained as a reaction of the condensate.

Mass ratios align with ΛCDM predictions.

Abstract

We investigate the emergent laws of gravity when Dark Energy and the de Sitter space-time are modelled as a critical Bose-Einstein condensate of a large number of soft gravitons $N_{\rm G}$. We argue that this scenario requires the presence of various regimes of gravity in which $N_{\rm G}$ scales in different ways. Moreover, the local gravitational interaction affecting baryonic matter can be naturally described in terms of gravitons pulled out from this Dark Energy condensate (DEC). We then explain the additional component of the acceleration at galactic scales, commonly attributed to dark matter, as the reaction of the DEC to the presence of baryonic matter. This additional dark force is also associated to gravitons pulled out from the DEC and correctly reproduces the MOND acceleration. It also allows for an effective description in terms of General Relativity sourced by an anisotropic fluid. We finally calculate the mass ratio between the contribution of the apparent dark matter and the baryonic matter in a region of size $r$ at galactic scales and show that it is consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM predictions.