Extensions of Erd\H{o}s-Gallai Theorem and Luo's Theorem with Applications

TL;DR

This paper extends the Erd ext{o}s-Gallai Theorem by relating the existence of long paths to clique counts, improving bounds, and applying these results to spectral extremal graph theory and cycle length problems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel extension of the Erd ext{o}s-Gallai Theorem linking path length to clique counts, and applies this to bounds on clique numbers and cycle lengths.

Findings

Extended Erd ext{o}s-Gallai Theorem with new path bounds

Constructed graphs demonstrating improved estimates

Applied results to spectral extremal graph theory

Abstract

The famous Erd\H{o}s-Gallai Theorem on the Tur\'an number of paths states that every graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges contains a path with at least $\frac{2m}{n}$ edges. In this note, we first establish a simple but novel extension of the Erd\H{o}s-Gallai Theorem by proving that every graph $G$ contains a path with at least $\frac{(s+1)N_{s+1}(G)}{N_{s}(G)}+s-1$ edges, where $N_j(G)$ denotes the number of $j$-cliques in $G$ for $1\leq j\leq\omega(G)$. We also construct a family of graphs which shows our extension improves the estimate given by Erd\H{o}s-Gallai Theorem. Among applications, we show, for example, that the main results of \cite{L17}, which are on the maximum possible number of $s$-cliques in an $n$-vertex graph without a path with $l$ vertices (and without cycles of length at least $c$), can be easily deduced from this extension. Indeed, to prove these results, Luo \cite{L17} generalized a classical theorem of Kopylov and established a tight upper bound on the number of $s$-cliques in an $n$-vertex 2-connected graph with circumference less than $c$. We prove a similar result for an $n$-vertex 2-connected graph with circumference less than $c$ and large minimum degree. We conclude this paper with an application of our results to a problem from spectral extremal graph theory on consecutive lengths of cycles in graphs.