Laser induced topological cues shape, guide, and anchor human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that laser-created microtopographies on PLLA substrates can direct human mesenchymal stem cell shape, differentiation, and adhesion, offering a method to control tissue engineering outcomes.

Contribution

The paper introduces a laser micromachining technique to create microstructures that influence stem cell behavior and enhance cell adhesion on biodegradable polymers.

Findings

Microgrooves guide MSC shape and orientation.

Adipocytes are highly sensitive to topological cues.

Laser ablation improves cell adhesion.

Abstract

This report focuses on the effect of the surface topography of the substrate on the behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow (MSCs) before and after co-differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Picosecond pulsed laser ablation technology was applied to generate different microstructures (microgrooves and microcavities) on poly (L-lactide) (PLLA), where orientation, cell shape and MSCs co-differentiation were investigated. On flat PLLA, the undifferentiated MSCs showed rounded or elongated shapes, the latter being randomly oriented. On PLLA microgrooves however, MSCs adapted their shape to the groove size and direction and occasionally anchored to groove edges. It was found that adipocytes, contrary to osteoblasts, are highly sensitive to topological cues. Adipocytes responded to changes in substrate height and depth, by adapting the intracellular distribution of their lipid vacuoles to these physical constraints. In addition, the modification of PLLA by laser ablation enhanced the adherence of differentiated cells to the substrate. These findings show that picosecond pulsed laser micromachining can be applied to directly manufacture 3D microstructures that guide cell proliferation, control adipocyte morphology and improve the adhesion of bone and fat tissue.