Atom-molecule collisions, spin relaxation, and sympathetic cooling in an ultracold spin-polarized Rb($^2\mathrm{S}$)-SrF$(^2\Sigma^+)$ mixture

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that ultracold Rb atoms can effectively sympathetically cool SrF molecules in a magnetic trap, with slow spin relaxation and controllable inelastic collisions, advancing the prospects for ultracold molecule research.

Contribution

The paper provides the first quantum scattering calculations for Rb+SrF collisions, showing favorable conditions for sympathetic cooling despite strong anisotropic interactions.

Findings

Spin relaxation is much slower than elastic scattering across a wide magnetic field range.

Ultracold collisions exhibit rich resonance structures, including a low-field p-wave resonance.

Magnetic fields can be used to enhance sympathetic cooling efficiency.

Abstract

We explore the suitability of ultracold collisions between spin-polarized SrF($^2\Sigma^+$) molecules and Rb($^2$S) atoms as elementary steps for the sympathetic cooling of SrF($^2\Sigma^+$) molecules in a magnetic trap. To this end, we carry out quantum mechanical scattering calculations on ultracold Rb+SrF collisions in a magnetic field based on an accurate potential energy surface for the triplet electronic state of Rb-SrF developed ab initio using a spin-restricted coupler cluster method with single, double and noniterative triple excitations [RCCSD(T)]. The Rb-SrF interaction has a global minimum with a well depth of 3444 cm$^{-1}$ in a bent geometry and a shallow local minimum in the linear geometry. Despite such a strong and anisotropic interaction, we find that converged close-coupling scattering calculations on Rb+SrF collisions in a magnetic field are still possible using rotational basis sets including up to 125 closed rotational channels in the total angular momentum representation. Our calculations show that electronic spin relaxation in fully spin-polarized Rb-SrF collisions occurs much more slowly than elastic scattering over a wide range of magnetic fields (1-1000 G) and collision energies ($10^{-5}-10^{-3}$ K) suggesting good prospects of sympathetic cooling of laser-cooled SrF($^2\Sigma^+$) molecules with spin-polarized Rb($^2$S) atoms in a magnetic trap. We show that incoming $p$-wave scattering plays a significant role in ultracold collisions due to the large reduced mass of the Rb-SrF collision pair. The calculated magnetic field dependence of the inelastic cross sections at 1.4 $\mu$K displays a rich resonance structure including a low-field $p$-wave resonance, which suggests that external magnetic fields can be used to enhance the efficiency of sympathetic cooling in heavy atom-molecule mixtures.