The effect of AC electric field on the dynamics of a vesicle under shear flow in the small deformation regime

TL;DR

This study investigates how an AC electric field influences vesicle dynamics under shear flow, revealing how electrical parameters affect regimes like tank-treading, trembling, and tumbling, with implications for device design.

Contribution

The paper develops a theoretical model for vesicle behavior under combined shear and AC electric fields, analyzing the effects of electrical parameters on dynamical regimes and orientation.

Findings

Electric Mason number promotes tank-treading regime.

Frequency and conductivity ratio significantly influence vesicle orientation.

Coupling of electric and shear forces can induce intermediate tumbling regimes.

Abstract

Vesicles or biological cells under simultaneous shear and electric field can be encountered in dielectrophoretic devices or devices used for continuous flow electrofusion or electroporation. In this work, the dynamics of a vesicle subjected to simultaneous shear and uniform AC electric field is investigated in the small deformation limit. The coupled equations for vesicle orientation and shape evolution are derived theoretically and the resulting nonlinear equations are handled numerically to generate relevant phase diagrams that demonstrate the effect of electrical parameters on the different dynamical regimes such as tank-treading (TT), trembling (TR), and tumbling (TU). It is found that while the electric Mason number (Mn) which represents the relative strength of the electrical forces to the shear forces, promotes TT regime, the response itself is found to be sensitive to the applied frequency as well as the conductivity ratio. While higher outer conductivity promotes orientation along the flow axis, orientation along the electric field is favoured when the inner conductivity is higher. Similarly, a switch of orientation from the direction of the electric field to the direction of flow is possible by a mere change of frequency when the outer conductivity is higher. Interestingly, in some cases, a coupling between electric field induced deformation and shear can result in the system admitting an intermediate TU regime while attaining the TT regime at high Mn. The results could enable designing better dielectrophoretic devices wherein the residence time, as well as the dynamical states of the vesicular suspension, can be controlled as per the application.