Collisions in Primordial Star Clusters: Formation Pathway for intermediate mass black holes

TL;DR

This paper investigates how stellar collisions in dense early Universe star clusters could have contributed to forming intermediate mass black holes, highlighting the significance of cluster properties and mass growth.

Contribution

It provides a detailed parameter study of collision effects in primordial star clusters, emphasizing their role in black hole formation in the early Universe.

Findings

Moderate mass increase in Population III stars due to collisions.

Significant mass enhancement (15-32 times) in massive primordial clusters.

Collisions likely played a key role in forming the first intermediate mass black holes.

Abstract

Collisions were suggested to potentially play a role in the formation of massive stars in present day clusters, and have likely been relevant during the formation of massive stars and intermediate mass black holes within the first star clusters. In the early Universe, the first stellar clusters were particularly dense, as fragmentation typically only occurred at densities above $10^9$cm$^{-3}$, and the radii of the protostars were enhanced due to the larger accretion rates, suggesting a potentially more relevant role of stellar collisions. We present here a detailed parameter study to assess how the number of collisions as well as the mass growth of the most massive object depends on the properties of the cluster, and we characterize the time evolution with three effective parameters, the time when most collisions occur, the duration of the collisions period, as well as the normalization required to obtain the total number of collisions. We apply our results to typical Population III (Pop.III) clusters of about $1000$M$_\odot$, finding that a moderate enhancement of the mass of the most massive star by a factor of a few can be expected. For more massive Pop.III clusters as expected in the first atomic cooling halos, we expect a more significant enhancement by a factor of $15-32$. We therefore conclude that collisions in massive Pop.III clusters were likely relevant to form the first intermediate mass black holes.