A convergent kinetic theory of collisional star clusters (i) a self-consistent 'truncated' mean-field acceleration of stars

TL;DR

This paper develops a self-consistent kinetic theory for collisional star clusters using a truncated mean-field acceleration to account for strong encounters, aiming for mathematically non-divergent equations applicable to secular evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a convergent kinetic framework incorporating a truncated mean-field acceleration, combining collision and wave theories for star cluster evolution.

Findings

Derived non-divergent kinetic equations for star clusters.

Extended Grad's distribution and Klimontovich's theory for non-ideal systems.

Provided a mathematical basis for secular evolution modeling.

Abstract

Fundamental relaxation processes in the secular evolution of a collisional star cluster of $N$-'point' stars have been conventionally discussed based on either of collision kinetic theory (for strong two-body encounters) and wave one (for statistical acceleration and gravitational polarization). If combining the both theories together, one must introduce a self-consistent 'truncated' Newtonian mean-field (m.f.) acceleration of star at position $r$ and time $t$ due to a phase-space distribution function $f\left(r', p',t\right)$ for stars $A^{\triangle}(r,t)=-Gm\left(1-\frac{1}{N}\right)\int_{\mid r-r' \mid > \triangle}\frac{r-r'}{\mid r-r' \mid^{3}} f\left(r',p',t\right)\text{d}^{3}{r'}\text{d}^{3}{p'},$ where $G$ is the gravitational constant and $m$ the mass of stars. The lower limit $\triangle$ of the distance between two stars is order of the Landau distance. The truncated m.f. acceleration is a necessary consequence due to the strong encounters and m.f. acceleration being not able to 'coexist' at specific distance between stars. The present paper aims at initiating a star-cluster convergent kinetic theory to self-consistently derive kinetic equations of star clusters, mathematically non-divergent in distance- and wavenumber- spaces based on the truncated m.f. acceleration, correct at time scales of the secular evolution. This will be achieved by focusing on mathematical formulations of the Kandrup's generalised-Landau equation including the effect of the strong encounters and by extending the Grad's truncated distribution function and Klimontovich's theory of non-ideal systems.