Magnetic quasi-long-range ordering in nematics due to competition between higher-order couplings

TL;DR

This study reveals that competition between nematic-like biquadratic and bicubic couplings in a 2D XY model induces an extended magnetic quasi-long-range order phase, with unique critical properties and slow-decaying correlations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that competing higher-order couplings can generate a novel magnetic phase with distinct critical behavior in the 2D XY model.

Findings

Competition induces an extended magnetic quasi-long-range order phase.

Phase transitions follow Ising and three-state Potts universality classes.

Magnetic correlations decay more slowly than in the standard XY model.

Abstract

Critical properties of the two-dimensional $XY$ model involving solely nematic-like biquadratic and bicubic terms are investigated by spin-wave analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that, even though neither of the nematic-like terms alone can induce magnetic ordering, their coexistence and competition leads to an extended phase of magnetic quasi-long-range order phase, wedged between the two nematic-like phases induced by the respective couplings. Thus, except for the muticritical point, at which all the phases meet, for any finite value of the coupling parameters ratio there are two phase transition: one from the paramagnetic phase to one of the two nematic-like phases followed by another one at lower temperatures to the magnetic phase. The finite-size scaling analysis indicate that the phase transitions between the magnetic and nematic-like phases belong to the Ising and three-state Potts universality classes. Inside the competition-induced algebraic magnetic phase the spin-pair correlation function is found to decay even much more slowly than in the standard $XY$ model with purely magnetic interactions. Such a magnetic phase is characterized by an extremely low vortex-antivortex pair density attaining a minimum close to the point at which the biquadratic and bicubic couplings are of about equal strengths and thus competition is the fiercest.