Dynamical Symmetry Breaking by SU(2) Gauge Bosons

TL;DR

This paper proposes a mechanism for dynamical gauge symmetry breaking in Yang-Mills theories through composite Higgs bosons formed by gauge boson pairs, eliminating the need for a fundamental Higgs particle.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach where gauge boson pairs form composite Higgs bosons, leading to symmetry breaking without fundamental scalars or fermions.

Findings

Finite vacuum expectation value of gauge boson pairs induces symmetry breaking.

Compatibility with the Standard Model Higgs potential constrains coupling constants.

The approach maintains Lorentz invariance through transverse polarization averaging.

Abstract

This work explores the possibility of obtaining a mass gap in Yang-Mills theories via the intrinsic gauge bosons, without invoking a separate Higgs boson or fermion-antifermion pairs. Instead, pairs of gauge bosons in the spin and isospin singlet state form a pair of composite Higgs bosons which can be viewed as the simplest possible glueball of Yang-Mills gauge theories. Quadratic and quartic gauge boson self-interactions form a potential that leads to a finite expectation value of the gauge boson amplitude. Transverse polarization ensures Lorentz invariance of the vacuum after averaging over all possible polarization vectors. But the scalar pair products exhibit a finite vacuum expectation value which breaks the gauge symmetry dynamically. Compatibility with the standard Higgs potential determines the quadratic and quartic coupling constants.