A nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for gravity-capillary water waves on arbitrary depth with constant vorticity: Part I

TL;DR

This paper derives a nonlinear Schr"odinger equation for gravity-capillary waves with constant vorticity, analyzing how vorticity influences modulational instability and stability diagrams of wave trains.

Contribution

It extends previous models to include gravity-capillary waves with vorticity and completes the stability analysis considering vorticity effects.

Findings

Vorticity significantly alters modulational instability growth rates.

Positive vorticity reduces instability growth in infinite depth; negative vorticity amplifies it.

Vorticity modifies stability diagrams, affecting wave train stability.

Abstract

A nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for the envelope of two-dimensional gravity-capillary waves propagating at the free surface of a vertically sheared current of constant vorticity is derived. In this paper we extend to gravity-capillary wave trains the results of \citet{thomas2012pof} and complete the stability analysis and stability diagram of \citet{Djordjevic1977} in the presence of vorticity. Vorticity effect on the modulational instability of weakly nonlinear gravity-capillary wave packets is investigated. It is shown that the vorticity modifies significantly the modulational instability of gravity-capillary wave trains, namely the growth rate and instability bandwidth. It is found that the rate of growth of modulational instability of short gravity waves influenced by surface tension behaves like pure gravity waves: (i) in infinite depth, the growth rate is reduced in the presence of positive vorticity and amplified in the presence of negative vorticity, (ii) in finite depth, it is reduced when the vorticity is positive and amplified and finally reduced when the vorticity is negative. The combined effect of vorticity and surface tension is to increase the rate of growth of modulational instability of short gravity waves influenced by surface tension, namely when the vorticity is negative. The rate of growth of modulational instability of capillary waves is amplified by negative vorticity and attenuated by positive vorticity. Stability diagrams are plotted and it is shown that they are significantly modified by the introduction of the vorticity.