The saga of neutrinoless double beta decay search with TeO2 thermal detectors

TL;DR

This paper reviews three decades of TeO2 bolometric experiments at Gran Sasso searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of 130-Te, highlighting progress, challenges, and future prospects in improving sensitivity.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the development, performance, and results of TeO2-based bolometric detectors, culminating in the CUORE experiment and future challenges.

Findings

Progress in energy resolution and background reduction

Successful operation of the CUORE detector

Potential for future sensitivity improvements

Abstract

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0nbb) is a direct probe of physics beyond the Standard Model. Its discovery would demonstrate that the lepton number is not a symmetry of nature and would provide us with unique information on the nature and mass of the neutrinos. Among the experimental techniques employed in the investigation of this rare process, thermal detectors fulfill the requirements for a powerful search, showing an excellent energy resolution and the possibility of scaling to very large masses. In this work, we review the long chain of bolometric experiments based on TeO 2 crystals that were and continue to be carried out at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy), searching for the 0nbb of 130-Te. We illustrate the progresses and improvements achieved in almost thirty years of measurements and compare the various performance and results. We describe the several steps that led to the CUORE detector, the latest of this series and presently in data taking, and we highlight the challenges that a next bolometric experiment will face in order to further improve the sensitivity, especially concerning the background abatement. Finally, we emphasize the advantages of 130-Te in the search for 0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta} with a further future (and much) expensive experiment.