Possible alternative mechanism to SUSY: conservative extensions of the Poincar\'e group

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel group-theoretical extension of the Poincaré group involving nilpotent internal symmetries, offering an alternative to supersymmetry that avoids no-go theorems and aligns with current particle physics experiments.

Contribution

It introduces conservative extensions of the Poincaré group with nilpotent internal symmetries, providing a new framework distinct from SUSY and extended SUSY.

Findings

Constructed a concrete example with U(1) gauge component.

Outlined the general structure of all possible conservative extensions.

Argued that nilpotent symmetries may be hidden in fundamental variables.

Abstract

A group theoretical mechanism is outlined, which can indecomposably extend the Poincar\'e group by the compact internal (gauge) symmetries at the price of allowing some nilpotent (or, more precisely: solvable) internal symmetries in addition. Due to the presence of this nilpotent part, the prohibitive argument of the well known Coleman-Mandula and McGlinn no-go theorems do not go through. In contrast to SUSY or extended SUSY, in our construction the symmetries extending the Poincar\'e group will be all internal, i.e. they do not act on the spacetime, merely on some internal degrees of freedom -- hence the name: conservative extensions of the Poincar\'e group. Using the Levi decomposition and O'Raifeartaigh theorem, the general structure of all possible conservative extensions of the Poincar\'e group is outlined, and a concrete example group is presented with U(1) being the compact gauge group component. It is argued that such nilpotent internal symmetries may be inapparent symmetries of some more fundamental field variables, and therefore do not carry an ab initio contradiction with the present experimental understanding in particle physics. The construction is compared to (extended) SUSY, since SUSY is somewhat analogous to the proposed mechanism. It is pointed out, however, that the proposed mechanism is less irregular in comparison to SUSY, in certain aspects. The only exoticity needed in comparison to a traditional gauge theory setting is that the full group of internal symmetries is not purely compact, but is a semi-direct product of a nilpotent and of a compact part.