Quantum to Classical One Way Function and Its Applications in Quantum Money Authentication

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel quantum-classical one-way function that maps specific quantum states to classical outputs, enabling new quantum money schemes like quantum bitcoins with security rooted in the function's properties.

Contribution

It formally defines and constructs a new quantum-classical one-way function and demonstrates its application in authenticating quantum money schemes such as quantum bitcoins.

Findings

Proposed a new quantum-classical one-way function.

Constructed quantum money schemes based on the new function.

Security relies on the one-way function's properties.

Abstract

In 2013, Farid and Vasiliev [arXiv:quant-ph/1310.4922] for the first time proposed a way to construct a protocol for the realisation of "{\em Classical to Quantum}" one-way hash function, a derivative of the Quantum one-way function as defined by Gottesman and Chuang [Technical Report arXiv:quant-ph/0105032] and used it for constructing quantum digital signatures. We, on the other hand, for the first time, propose the idea of a different kind of one-way function, which is "{\em quantum-classical}" in nature, that is, it takes an $n$-qubit quantum state of a definite kind as its input and produces a classical output. We formally define such a one-way function and propose a way to construct and realise it. The proposed one-way function turns out to be very useful in authenticating a quantum state in any quantum money scheme and so we can construct many different quantum money schemes based on such a one-way function. Later in the paper, we also give explicit constructions of some interesting quantum money schemes like quantum bitcoins and quantum currency schemes, solely based on the proposed one-way function. The security of such schemes can be explained on the basis of the security of the underlying one-way functions.