Two-phase heat conductors with a surface of the constant flow property

TL;DR

This paper investigates the symmetry properties of two-phase heat conductors with constant flow surfaces, demonstrating conditions under which the structure must be spherical and providing counterexamples to symmetry in certain elliptic problems.

Contribution

The paper introduces new symmetry results for two-phase heat conductors with constant flow surfaces and provides counterexamples to radial symmetry in elliptic overdetermined problems.

Findings

Conductor must be spherical if a constant flow surface exists near the boundary.

Counterexample to radial symmetry in some elliptic overdetermined boundary problems.

Symmetry results hold even when outside medium has different conductivity.

Abstract

We consider a two-phase heat conductor in $\mathbb R^N$ with $N \geq 2$ consisting of a core and a shell with different constant conductivities. We study the role played by radial symmetry for overdetermined problems of elliptic and parabolic type. First of all, with the aid of the implicit function theorem, we give a counterexample to radial symmetry for some two-phase elliptic overdetermined boundary value problems of Serrin-type. Afterwards, we consider the following setting for a two-phase parabolic overdetermined problem. We suppose that, initially, the conductor has temperature 0 and, at all times, its boundary is kept at temperature 1. A hypersurface in the domain has the constant flow property if at every of its points the heat flux across surface only depends on time. It is shown that the structure of the conductor must be spherical, if either there is a surface of the constant flow property in the shell near the boundary or a connected component of the boundary of the heat conductor is a surface of the constant flow property. Also, by assuming that the medium outside the conductor has a possibly different conductivity, we consider a Cauchy problem in which the conductor has initial inside temperature $0$ and outside temperature $1$. We then show that a quite similar symmetry result holds true.