On modal analysis of laminated glass: Usability of simplified methods and enhanced effective thickness

TL;DR

This study evaluates simplified modal analysis methods for laminated glass beams, demonstrating that the enhanced effective thickness approach provides more accurate predictions of natural frequencies and damping characteristics than other simplified techniques.

Contribution

It introduces and validates an improved effective thickness method for modal analysis of laminated glass, offering a practical and more accurate tool compared to existing simplified approaches.

Findings

Simplified methods predict natural frequencies with acceptable accuracy.

Enhanced effective thickness approach reduces errors in frequency and loss factor predictions.

The approach is effective across different geometries, boundary conditions, and temperatures.

Abstract

This paper focuses on the modal analysis of laminated glass beams. In these multilayer elements, the stiff glass plates are connected by compliant interlayers with frequency/temperature-dependent behavior. The aim of our study is (i) to assess whether approximate techniques can accurately predict the behavior of laminated glass structures and (ii) to propose an easy tool for modal analysis based on the enhanced effective thickness concept by Galuppi and Royer-Carfagni. To this purpose, we consider four approaches to the solution of the related nonlinear eigenvalue problem: a complex-eigenvalue solver based on the Newton method, the modal strain energy method, and two effective thickness concepts. A comparative study of free vibrating laminated glass beams is performed considering different geometries of cross-sections, boundary conditions, and material parameters for interlayers under two ambient temperatures. The viscoelastic response of polymer foils is represented by the generalized Maxwell model. We show that the simplified approaches predict natural frequencies with an acceptable accuracy for most of the examples. However, there is a considerable scatter in predicted loss factors. The enhanced effective thickness approach adjusted for modal analysis leads to lower errors in both quantities compared to the other two simplified procedures, reducing the extreme error in loss factors to one half compared to the modal strain energy method or to one quarter compared to the original dynamic effective thickness method.