Scaling behavior of dynamic hysteresis in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 bulk ceramics

TL;DR

This study investigates the complex scaling behavior of dynamic hysteresis in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 ceramics under varying electric field frequencies and amplitudes, revealing three distinct regimes linked to domain switching mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the three-stage scaling behavior of dynamic hysteresis in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 ceramics, highlighting the different physical mechanisms involved.

Findings

Scaling laws vary with electric field amplitude and frequency.

Reversible and irreversible domain switching dominate different regimes.

Scaling exponents are quantified for various electric field conditions.

Abstract

The ferroelectric hysteresis loops of sodium bismuth titanate Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 bulk ceramics were measured under periodical electric field in range of frequency from 0.01Hz to 100Hz and field from 10kV/cm to 150kV/cm. The three-stage scaling behavior of dynamic hysteresis was investigated in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 bulk ceramics. The scaling behavior at low amplitude of electric field is described as <A> is proportional to f^(-0.122)E0^3.30 for low frequency and <A> is proportional to f^(-0.122)E0^3.15 for high frequency. <A>, f and E0 represent the area of hysteresis loop, frequency and amplitude of periodic electric field, respectively. At E0 around coercive field, scaling behavior takes the form of <A> is proportional to f^(-0.11)E0^4.28 for low frequency and <A> is proportional to f^(-0.11)E0^4.17 for high frequency. At high E0, we obtained <A> is proportional to f^(-0.04)E0^2.90 for low frequency and <A> is proportional to f^(-0.06)E0^2.75 for high frequency. The contribution to scaling relation mainly results from reversible of ferroelectric domain switching at low E0, the velocity of domain wall motion at E0 around coercive field and simultaneously reversible and irreversible domain switching at high E0.